Ian Stephen

Ian Stephen

  • u_istephen at bournemouth dot ac dot uk
  • Associate Professor of Psychology
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Biography

I joined Bournemouth University as an Associate Professor in 2024. Before that, I held academic positions at Nottingham Trent University, Macquarie University (Australia) and The University of Nottingham (Malaysia) and research posts at the University of Bristol and the University of St Andrews. I hold a BSc (Hons) from UCL, an MPhil from the University of Cambridge, and a PhD from the University of St Andrews.

Research

My research focuses on person perception, which I approach from two main angles:

1. I am interested in understanding what aspects of physiology and psychology are reflected in our faces and bodies, and how our brains extract this information to form judgements. For example, is our health reflected in cues in our faces and bodies, and how do we use those cues to form perceptions of health and attractiveness?

2. I am interested in understanding the mechanisms that underlie our perceptions of our own and others' bodies. By understanding how these perceptions are formed, updated and maintained, we aim to provide the scientific basis for new treatments for body image disturbance and related mental health issues such as body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and muscle dysmorphia.

I have supervised projects on these topics at undergraduate, honours, masters, and PhD level, and would be interested in hearing from prospective students with interests in these areas.

Journal Articles

  • Perera, A.T.M., Sharma, I., Stephen, I.D., 2026. Dot Probe Tasks Produce No Attentional Modifications Towards Healthy Weight Bodies. European Eating Disorders Review, 34 (1), 281-287.
  • Chen, S.C., Buchanan, E.M., Kekecs, Z., Miller, J.K., Szabelska, A., Aczel, B., Bernabeu, P., Forscher, P., Szuts, A., Vally, Z., Al-Hoorie, A.H., Helmy, M., da Silva, C.S.A., da Silva, L.O., de Moraes, Y.L., Hsu, R.M.C.S., Mafra, A.L., Valentova, J.V., Varella, M.A.C., Dixson, B., Peters, K., Steffens, N., Ghasemi, O., Roberts, A., Ross, R.M., Stephen, I.D., Milyavskaya, M., Wang, K., Werner, K.M., Holford, D.L., Sirota, M., Evans, T.R., Lynott, D., Lane, B.M., Sahlholdt, D.R., Williams, G.P., Tan, C.B.Y., Foo, A., Janssen, S.M.J., Arinze, N.C., Ndukaihe, I.L.G., Moreau, D., Jurosic, B., Leach, B., Lewis, S., Mallik, P.R., Schmidt, K., Chopik, W.J., Vaughn, L.A., Li, M., Levitan, C.A., Storage, D., Batres, C., McGee, T., Enachescu, J., Olsen, J., Voracek, M., Lamm, C., Pronizius, E., Ripp, T., Röer, J.P., Schnepper, R., Papadatou-Pastou, M., Mokady, A., Reggev, N., Chandel, P., Kujur, P., Pande, B., Parganiha, A., Parveen, N., Pradhan, S., Singh, M.M., Korbmacher, M., Kunst, J.R., Tamnes, C.K., Woelfert, F.S., Klevjer, K., Martiny, S.E., Pfuhl, G., Adamus, S., Barzykowski, K., Filip, K., Arriaga, P., Gvozdenović, V., Ković, V., Gao, F., Li, J., Bavoľár, J., Hricová, M., Kačmár, P., Adamkovič, M., Babinčák, P., Baník, G., Ropovik, I., Ricaurte, D.Z., Álvarez-Solas, S., Manley, H., Suavansri, P., Kung, C.C., Çoktok, B., 2025. Investigating object orientation effects across 18 languages. Current Psychology, 44 (24), 19148-19174.
  • Veranic, K., Bayliss, A.P., Zhao, M., Stephen, I.D., Ewing, L., 2025. Close encounters: Interpersonal proximity amplifies social appraisals. British Journal of Psychology, 116 (3), 594-616.
  • Phills, C.E., Miller, J.K., Buchanan, E.M., Williams, A., Meyers, C., Brown, E.R., Zickfeld, J., Volsa, S., Stieger, S., Oberzaucher, E., Mlakic, V., Vasilev, M., Dalgar, İ., Çoksan, S., Söylemez, S., Solak, Ç., Özdoğru, A.A., Çoktok, B., Kung, C.C., Suavansri, P., Manley, H., Álvarez-Solas, S., Ricaurte, D.Z., Ropovik, I., Baník, G., Babinčák, P., Adamkovič, M., Kačmár, P., Hricová, M., Bavoľár, J., Li, L., Gao, F., Chen, Z., Ković, V., Gvozdenović, V., Arriaga, P., Filip, K., Barzykowski, K., Adamus, S., Pfuhl, G., Martiny, S.E., Klevjer, K., Woelfert, F.S., Tamnes, C.K., Kunst, J.R., Korbmacher, M., Singh, M.M., Pradhan, S., Parveen, N., Parganiha, A., Pande, B., Kujur, P., Chandel, P., Reggev, N., Mokady, A., Papadatou-Pastou, M., Schnepper, R., Röer, J.P., Ripp, T., Pronizius, E., Lamm, C., Voracek, M., Olsen, J., Enachescu, J., Batres, C., Storage, D., Levitan, C.A., Li, M., Vaughn, L.A., Chopik, W.J., Schmidt, K., Mallik, P.R., Lewis, S., Leach, B., Jurosic, B., Moreau, D., Ndukaihe, I.L.G., Arinze, N.C., Janssen, S.M.J., Foo, A., Tan, C.B.Y., Williams, G.P., Riis, D., Lane, B.M., Lynott, D., Evans, T.R., Sirota, M., Holford, D.L., Werner, K.M., Wang, K., Milyavskaya, M., Stephen, I.D., Ross, R.M., Roberts, A., Ghasemi, O., Steffens, N.K., Peters, K., Dixson, B., Varella, M.A.C., Valentova, J.V., 2025. Multi-region investigation of 'man' as default in attitudes. Plos One, 20 (6 June).
  • Tzschaschel, E., Stephen, I.D., Brooks, K., 2025. Body posture aftereffects - Does viewing slouched bodies change people's perception of normal posture? Royal Society Open Science, 12 (3).
  • Buchanan, E.M., Cuccolo, K., Heyman, T., van Berkel, N., Coles, N.A., Iyer, A., Peters, K., van ’t Veer, A.E., Montefinese, M., Maxwell, N.P., Taylor, J.E., Valentine, K.D., Arriaga, P., Barzykowski, K., Boucher, L., Collins, W.M., Vaidis, D.C., Aczel, B., Al-Hoorie, A.H., Ambrosini, E., Besson, T., Burin, D.I., Butt, M.M., Clarke, A.J.B., Daryani, Y., El-Dakhs, D.A.S., Elsherif, M.M., Fernández-López, M., Ferreira, P.R.D.S., Freitag, R.M.K., Gattei, C.A., Godbersen, H., Grim, P.A., Halama, P., Havan, P., Irrazabal, N.C., Isloi, C., Iversen, R.K., Julliard, Y., Karaaslan, A., Kohút, M., Kohútová, V., Kos, J., Kosachenko, A.I., Lima, T.J.S.D., Mak, M.H.C., Manouilidou, C., Marciaga, L.A., Melinna, X.M., Miranda, J.F., Morvinski, C., Muppoor, A., Müjdeci, F.E., Nielsen, Y.A., Oliveros, J.C., Onič, J., Papadatou-Pastou, M., Patel, I., Pavlović, Z., Pažon, B., Pfuhl, G., Pronizius, E., Roettger, T.B., Ronderos, C.R., Ruiz-Fernandez, S., Senderecka, M., Solak, Ç., Stückler, A., Szekely-Copîndean, R.D., Taboh, A.R., Thériault, R., Tran, U.S., Trecca, F., Ulloa, J.L., Varga, M.A., Verheyen, S., Vesić Pavlović, T., Viviani, G., Wang, N., Zivna, K., Yun, C.C., Clark, O.J., Acar, O.A., Adamkovič, M., Agnoletti, G., Akil, A.M., Alsuhaibani, Z., Amenta, S., Ananyeva, O.A., Andreychik, M., Angele, B., Arias Quiñones, D.C., Arinze, N.C., Askelund, A.D., Baker, B.J., Baskin, E., Batalha, L., Batres, C., Beato, M.S., Becker, M., 2025. Measuring the semantic priming effect across many languages. Nature Human Behaviour.
  • Hall, B., Schmidt, K., Wagge, J., Lewis, S.C., Weissgerber, S.C., Kiunke, F., Pfuhl, G., Stieger, S., Tran, U.S., Barzykowski, K., Bogatyreva, N., Kowal, M., Massar, K.I., Pernerstofer, F., Sorokowski, P., Voracek, M., Chartier, C.R., Brandt, M.J., Grahe, J.E., Özdoğru, A.A., Andreychik, M.R., Chen, S.C., Evans, T.R., Hautekiet, C., IJzerman, H., Kačmár, P., Krafnick, A.J., Musser, E.D., Vergauwe, E., Werner, K.M., Aczel, B., Arriaga, P., Batres, C., Beaudry, J.L., Cova, F., Ďurbisová, S., Cramblet Alvarez, L.D., Feldman, G., Godbersen, H., Gottfried, J., Haeffel, G.J., Hartanto, A., Isloi, C., McFall, J.P., Milyavskaya, M., Moreau, D., Nosáľová, E., Papaioannou, K., Ruiz-Fernandez, S., Schrötter, J., Storage, D., Vezirian, K., Volz, L., Weisberg, Y.J., Xiao, Q., Awlia, D., Branit, H.W., Dunn, M.R., Groyecka-Bernard, A., Haneda, R., Kielinska, J., Kolle, C., Lubomski, P., Miller, A.M., Mækelæ, M.J., Pantazi, M., Ribeiro, R.R., Ross, R.M., Sorokowska, A., Aberson, C.L., Vassiliou, X.A., Baker, B.J., Bognar, M., Cong, C.W., Danvers, A.F., Davis, W.E., Dranseika, V., Dumbravă, A., Farmer, H., Field, A.P., Forscher, P.S., Graton, A., Hajdu, N., Howlett, P.A., Kabut, R., Larsen, E.M., Lee, S.T.H., Legate, N., Levitan, C.A., Levy, N., Lu, J.G., Misiak, M., Morariu, R.E., Novak, J., Pronizius, E., Prusova, I., Rathnayake, A.S., Romanova, M.O., Röer, J.P., Sampaio, W.M., 2024. Registered Replication Report: A Large Multilab Cross-Cultural Conceptual Replication of Turri et al. (2015). Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 7 (4).
  • House, T., Stephen, I.D., Brooks, K.R., Bould, H., Attwood, A.S., Penton-Voak, I.S., 2024. The effect of an odd-one-out visual search task on attentional bias, body size adaptation, and body dissatisfaction. Royal Society Open Science, 11 (7).
  • Ip, K., Kusyk, N., Stephen, I.D., Brooks, K.R., 2024. Did you skip leg day? The neural mechanisms of muscle perception for body parts. Cortex, 171, 75-89.
  • Buchanan, E.M., Lewis, S.C., Paris, B., Forscher, P.S., Pavlacic, J.M., Beshears, J.E., Drexler, S.M., Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A., Mallik, P.R., Silan, M.A.A., Miller, J.K., IJzerman, H., Moshontz, H., Beaudry, J.L., Suchow, J.W., Chartier, C.R., Coles, N.A., Sharifian, M.H., Todsen, A.L., Levitan, C.A., Azevedo, F., Legate, N., Heller, B., Rothman, A.J., Dorison, C.A., Gill, B.P., Wang, K., Rees, V.W., Gibbs, N., Goldenberg, A., Thi Nguyen, T.V., Gross, J.J., Kaminski, G., von Bastian, C.C., Paruzel-Czachura, M., Mosannenzadeh, F., Azouaghe, S., Bran, A., Ruiz-Fernandez, S., Santos, A.C., Reggev, N., Zickfeld, J.H., Akkas, H., Pantazi, M., Ropovik, I., Korbmacher, M., Arriaga, P., Gjoneska, B., Warmelink, L., Alves, S.G., de Holanda Coelho, G.L., Stieger, S., Schei, V., Hanel, P.H.P., Szaszi, B., Fedotov, M., Antfolk, J., Marcu, G.M., Schrötter, J., Kunst, J.R., Geiger, S.J., Adetula, A., Kocalar, H.E., Kielińska, J., Kačmár, P., Bokkour, A., Galindo-Caballero, O.J., Djamai, I., Pöntinen, S.J., Agesin, B.E., Jernsäther, T., Urooj, A., Rachev, N.R., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M., Kurfalı, M., Pit, I.L., Li, R., Çoksan, S., Dubrov, D., Paltrow, T.E., Baník, G., Korobova, T., Studzinska, A., Jiang, X., Aruta, J.J.B.R., Vintr, J., Chiu, F., Kaliska, L., Berkessel, J.B., Tümer, M., Morales-Izquierdo, S., Chuan-Peng, H., Vezirian, K., Rosa, A.D., Bialobrzeska, O., Vasilev, M.R., Beitner, J., Kácha, O., Žuro, B., Westerlund, M., 2023. The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset. Scientific Data, 10 (1).
  • House, T., Wong, H.K., Samuel, N.W., Stephen, I.D., Brooks, K.R., Bould, H., Attwood, A.S., Penton-Voak, I.S., 2023. The relationship between body dissatisfaction and attentional bias to thin bodies in Malaysian Chinese and White Australian women: a dot probe study. Royal Society Open Science, 10 (9).
  • House, T., Graham, K., Ellis, B., Bould, H., Attwood, A.S., Stephen, I.D., Brooks, K.R., Penton-Voak, I.S., 2023. Is body dissatisfaction related to an attentional bias towards low weight bodies in non-clinical samples of women? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Body Image, 44, 103-119.
  • Tzschaschel, E., Brooks, K.R., Stephen, I.D., 2022. The valence-dominance model applies to body perception. Royal Society Open Science, 9 (9).
  • Legate, N., Nguyen, T.V., Weinstein, N., Moller, A., Legault, L., Vally, Z., Tajchman, Z., Zsido, A.N., Zrimsek, M., Chen, Z., Ziano, I., Gialitaki, Z., Basnight-Brown, D.M., Ceary, C.D., Jang, Y., IJzerman, H., Lin, Y., Kunisato, Y., Yamada, Y., Xiao, Q., Jiang, X., Du, X., Yao, E., Ryan, W.S., Wilson, J.P., Cyrus-Lai, W., Jimenez-Leal, W., Law, W., Unanue, W., Collins, W.M., Richard, K.L., Vranka, M., Ankushev, V., Schei, V., Lerche, V., Kovic, V., Krizanic, V., Kadreva, V.H., Adoric, V.C., Tran, U.S., Yeung, S.K., Hassan, W., Houston, R., Urry, H.L., Machin, M.A., Lima, T.J.S., Ostermann, T., Frizzo, T., Sverdrup, T.E., House, T., Gill, T., Fedotov, M., Paltrow, T., Moshontz, H., Jernsäther, T., Rahman, T., Machin, T., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M., Hostler, T.J., Ishii, T., Szaszi, B., Adamus, S., Suter, L., Von Bormann, S.M., Habib, S., Studzinska, A., Stojanovska, D., Janssen, S.M.J., Stieger, S., Primbs, M.A., Schulenberg, S.E., Buchanan, E.M., Tatachari, S., Azouaghe, S., Sorokowski, P., Sorokowska, A., Song, X., Morbée, S., Lewis, S., Sinkolova, S., Grigoryev, D., Drexler, S.M., Daches, S., Levine, S.L., Geniole, S.N., Akter, S., Vracar, S., Massoni, S., Costa, S., Zorjan, S., Sarioguz, E., Izquierdo, S.M., Tshonda, S.S., Miller, J.K., Alves, S.G., Pöntinen, S., Solas, S.Á., Ordoñez-Riaño, S., Ocovaj, S.B., Onie, S., 2022. Erratum: A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2022) 119 (e2111091119) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111091119). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (36).
  • Dorison, C.A., Lerner, J.S., Heller, B.H., Rothman, A.J., Kawachi, I.I., Wang, K., Rees, V.W., Gill, B.P., Gibbs, N., Ebersole, C.R., Vally, Z., Tajchman, Z., Zsido, A.N., Zrimsek, M., Chen, Z., Ziano, I., Gialitaki, Z., Ceary, C.D., Lin, Y., Kunisato, Y., Yamada, Y., Xiao, Q., Jiang, X., Du, X., Yao, E., Wilson, J.P., Cyrus-Lai, W., Jimenez-Leal, W., Law, W., Collins, W.M., Richard, K.L., Vranka, M., Ankushev, V., Schei, V., Križanić, V., Kadreva, V.H., Adoric, V.C., Tran, U.S., Yeung, S.K., Hassan, W., Houston, R., Lima, T.J.S., Ostermann, T., Frizzo, T., Sverdrup, T.E., House, T., Gill, T., Fedotov, M., Paltrow, T., Jernsäther, T., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M., Hostler, T.J., Ishii, T., Szaszi, B., Adamus, S., Suter, L., Habib, S., Studzinska, A., Stojanovska, D., Janssen, S.M.J., Stieger, S., Schulenberg, S.E., Tatachari, S., Azouaghe, S., Sorokowski, P., Sorokowska, A., Song, X., Lewis, S.C., Sinkolova, S., Grigoryev, D., Drexler, S.M., Daches, S., Geniole, S.N., Vračar, S., Massoni, S., Zorjan, S., Sarıoğuz, E., Izquierdo, S.M., Alves, S.G., Pöntinen, S., Solas, S.Á., Ordoñez-Riaño, S., Očovaj, S.B., Onie, S., Lins, S., Çoksan, S., Sacakli, A., Ruiz-Fernández, S., Geiger, S.J., FatahModares, S., Walczak, R.B., Betlehem, R., Vilar, R., Cárcamo, R., Ross, R.M., McCarthy, R., Ballantyne, T., Westgate, E.C., Afhami, R., Ren, D., 2022. In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries. Affective Science, 3 (3), 577-602.
  • Wang, K., Goldenberg, A., Dorison, C.A., Miller, J.K., Uusberg, A., Lerner, J.S., Gross, J.J., Agesin, B.B., Bernardo, M., Campos, O., Eudave, L., Grzech, K., Ozery, D.H., Jackson, E.A., Garcia, E.O.L., Drexler, S.M., Jurković, A.P., Rana, K., Wilson, J.P., Antoniadi, M., Desai, K., Gialitaki, Z., Kushnir, E., Nadif, K., Bravo, O.N., Nauman, R., Oosterlinck, M., Pantazi, M., Pilecka, N., Szabelska, A., van Steenkiste, I.M.M., Filip, K., Bozdoc, A.I., Marcu, G.M., Agadullina, E., Adamkovič, M., Roczniewska, M., Reyna, C., Kassianos, A.P., Westerlund, M., Ahlgren, L., Pöntinen, S., Adetula, G.A., Dursun, P., Arinze, A.I., Arinze, N.C., Ogbonnaya, C.E., Ndukaihe, I.L.G., Dalgar, I., Akkas, H., Macapagal, P.M., Lewis, S., Metin-Orta, I., Foroni, F., Willis, M., Santos, A.C., Mokady, A., Reggev, N., Kurfali, M.A., Vasilev, M.R., Nock, N.L., Parzuchowski, M., Espinoza Barría, M.F., Vranka, M., Kohlová, M.B., Ropovik, I., Harutyunyan, M., Wang, C., Yao, E., Becker, M., Manunta, E., Kaminski, G., Boudesseul, J., Marko, D., Evans, K., Lewis, D.M.G., Findor, A., Landry, A.T., Aruta, J.J.B., Ortiz, M.S., Vally, Z., Pronizius, E., Voracek, M., Lamm, C., Grinberg, M., Li, R., Valentova, J.V., Mioni, G., Cellini, N., Chen, S.C., Zickfeld, J., Moon, K., Azab, H., Levy, N., Karababa, A., Beaudry, J.L., Boucher, L., Collins, W.M., Todsen, A.L., van Schie, K., 2022. Erratum: Author Correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic (Nature human behaviour (2021) 5 8 (1089-1110)). Nature Human Behaviour, 6 (9), 1318-1319.
  • Bago, B., Kovacs, M., Protzko, J., Nagy, T., Kekecs, Z., Palfi, B., Adamkovic, M., Adamus, S., Albalooshi, S., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Alfian, I.N., Alper, S., Alvarez-Solas, S., Alves, S.G., Amaya, S., Andresen, P.K., Anjum, G., Ansari, D., Arriaga, P., Aruta, J.J.B.R., Arvanitis, A., Babincak, P., Barzykowski, K., Bashour, B., Baskin, E., Batalha, L., Batres, C., Bavolar, J., Bayrak, F., Becker, B., Becker, M., Belaus, A., Białek, M., Bilancini, E., Boller, D., Boncinelli, L., Boudesseul, J., Brown, B.T., Buchanan, E.M., Butt, M.M., Calvillo, D.P., Carnes, N.C., Celniker, J.B., Chartier, C.R., Chopik, W.J., Chotikavan, P., Chuan-Peng, H., Clancy, R.F., Çoker, O., Correia, R.C., Adoric, V.C., Cubillas, C.P., Czoschke, S., Daryani, Y., de Grefte, J.A.M., de Vries, W.C., Burak, E.G.D., Dias, C., Dixson, B.J.W., Du, X., Dumančić, F., Dumbravă, A., Dutra, N.B., Enachescu, J., Esteban-Serna, C., Eudave, L., Evans, T.R., Feldman, G., Felisberti, F.M., Fiedler, S., Findor, A., Fleischmann, A., Foroni, F., Francová, R., Frank, D.A., Fu, C.H.Y., Gao, S., Ghasemi, O., Ghazi-Noori, A.R., Ghossainy, M.E., Giammusso, I., Gill, T., Gjoneska, B., Gollwitzer, M., Graton, A., Grinberg, M., Groyecka-Bernard, A., Harris, E.A., Hartanto, A., Hassan, W.A.N.M., Hatami, J., Heimark, K.R., Hidding, J.J.J., Hristova, E., Hruška, M., Hudson, C.A., Huskey, R., Ikeda, A., Inbar, Y., Ingram, G.P.D., 2022. Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample. Nature Human Behaviour, 6 (6), 880-895.
  • Bago, B., Kovacs, M., Protzko, J., Nagy, T., Kekecs, Z., Palfi, B., Adamkovic, M., Adamus, S., Albalooshi, S., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Alfian, I.N., Alper, S., Alvarez-Solas, S., Alves, S.G., Amaya, S., Andresen, P.K., Anjum, G., Ansari, D., Arriaga, P., Aruta, J.J.B.R., Arvanitis, A., Babincak, P., Barzykowski, K., Bashour, B., Baskin, E., Batalha, L., Batres, C., Bavolar, J., Bayrak, F., Becker, B., Becker, M., Belaus, A., Białek, M., Bilancini, E., Boller, D., Boncinelli, L., Boudesseul, J., Brown, B.T., Buchanan, E.M., Butt, M.M., Calvillo, D.P., Carnes, N.C., Celniker, J.B., Chartier, C.R., Chopik, W.J., Chotikavan, P., Chuan-Peng, H., Clancy, R.F., Çoker, O., Correia, R.C., Adoric, V.C., Cubillas, C.P., Czoschke, S., Daryani, Y., de Grefte, J.A.M., de Vries, W.C., Burak, E.G.D., Dias, C., Dixson, B.J.W., Du, X., Dumančić, F., Dumbravă, A., Dutra, N.B., Enachescu, J., Esteban-Serna, C., Eudave, L., Evans, T.R., Feldman, G., Felisberti, F.M., Fiedler, S., Findor, A., Fleischmann, A., Foroni, F., Francová, R., Frank, D.A., Fu, C.H.Y., Gao, S., Ghasemi, O., Ghazi-Noori, A.R., Ghossainy, M.E., Giammusso, I., Gill, T., Gjoneska, B., Gollwitzer, M., Graton, A., Grinberg, M., Groyecka-Bernard, A., Harris, E.A., Hartanto, A., Hassan, W.A.N.M., Hatami, J., Heimark, K.R., Hidding, J.J.J., Hristova, E., Hruška, M., Hudson, C.A., Huskey, R., Ikeda, A., Inbar, Y., Ingram, G.P.D., 2022. Erratum: Publisher Correction: Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample (Nature human behaviour (2022) 6 6 (880-895)). Nature Human Behaviour, 6 (6), 897-898.
  • Legate, N., Nguyen, T.V., Weinstein, N., Moller, A., Legault, L., Vally, Z., Tajchman, Z., Zsido, A.N., Zrimsek, M., Chen, Z., Ziano, I., Gialitaki, Z., Basnight-Brown, D.M., Ceary, C.D., Jang, Y., IJzerman, H., Lin, Y., Kunisato, Y., Yamada, Y., Xiao, Q., Jiang, X., Du, X., Yao, E., Ryan, W.S., Wilson, J.P., Cyrus-Lai, W., Jimenez-Leal, W., Law, W., Unanue, W., Collins, W.M., Richard, K.L., Vranka, M., Ankushev, V., Schei, V., Lerche, V., Kovic, V., Krizanic, V., Kadreva, V.H., Adoric, V.C., Tran, U.S., Yeung, S.K., Hassan, W., Houston, R., Urry, H.L., Machin, M.A., Lima, T.J.S., Ostermann, T., Frizzo, T., Sverdrup, T.E., House, T., Gill, T., Fedotov, M., Paltrow, T., Moshontz, H., Jernsäther, T., Rahman, T., Machin, T., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M., Hostler, T.J., Ishii, T., Szaszi, B., Adamus, S., Suter, L., Von Bormann, S.M., Habib, S., Studzinska, A., Stojanovska, D., Janssen, S.M.J., Stieger, S., Primbs, M.A., Schulenberg, S.E., Buchanan, E.M., Tatachari, S., Azouaghe, S., Sorokowski, P., Sorokowska, A., Song, X., Morbée, S., Lewis, S., Sinkolova, S., Grigoryev, D., Drexler, S.M., Daches, S., Levine, S.L., Geniole, S.N., Akter, S., Vracar, S., Massoni, S., Costa, S., Zorjan, S., Sarioguz, E., Izquierdo, S.M., Tshonda, S.S., Miller, J.K., Alves, S.G., Pöntinen, S., Solas, S.Á., Ordoñez-Riaño, S., Ocovaj, S.B., Onie, S., 2022. A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (22).
  • House, T., Stephen, I.D., Voak, I.S.P., Brooks, K.R., 2022. The effect of attention on body size adaptation and body dissatisfaction. Royal Society Open Science, 9 (2).
  • Brooks, K.R., Bell, J., Boothroyd, L.G., Stephen, I.D., 2021. Editorial: Experimental Approaches to Body Image, Representation and Perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.
  • Wong, H.K., Estudillo, A.J., Stephen, I.D., Keeble, D.R.T., 2021. The other-race effect and holistic processing across racial groups. Scientific Reports, 11 (1).
  • Zopf, R., Kosourikhina, V., Brooks, K.R., Polito, V., Stephen, I.D., 2021. Visual body-size adaptation and estimation of tactile distance. British Journal of Psychology, 112 (4), 1012-1027.
  • Brooks, K.R., Stevenson, R.J., Stephen, I.D., 2021. Over or Under? Mental Representations and the Paradox of Body Size Estimation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.
  • Wang, K., Goldenberg, A., Dorison, C.A., Miller, J.K., Uusberg, A., Lerner, J.S., Gross, J.J., Agesin, B.B., Bernardo, M., Campos, O., Eudave, L., Grzech, K., Ozery, D.H., Jackson, E.A., Garcia, E.O.L., Drexler, S.M., Jurković, A.P., Rana, K., Wilson, J.P., Antoniadi, M., Desai, K., Gialitaki, Z., Kushnir, E., Nadif, K., Bravo, O.N., Nauman, R., Oosterlinck, M., Pantazi, M., Pilecka, N., Szabelska, A., van Steenkiste, I.M.M., Filip, K., Bozdoc, A.I., Marcu, G.M., Agadullina, E., Adamkovič, M., Roczniewska, M., Reyna, C., Kassianos, A.P., Westerlund, M., Ahlgren, L., Pöntinen, S., Adetula, G.A., Dursun, P., Arinze, A.I., Arinze, N.C., Ogbonnaya, C.E., Ndukaihe, I.L.G., Dalgar, I., Akkas, H., Macapagal, P.M., Lewis, S., Metin-Orta, I., Foroni, F., Willis, M., Santos, A.C., Mokady, A., Reggev, N., Kurfali, M.A., Vasilev, M.R., Nock, N.L., Parzuchowski, M., Espinoza Barría, M.F., Vranka, M., Kohlová, M.B., Ropovik, I., Harutyunyan, M., Wang, C., Yao, E., Becker, M., Manunta, E., Kaminski, G., Marko, D., Evans, K., Lewis, D.M.G., Findor, A., Landry, A.T., Aruta, J.J.B., Ortiz, M.S., Vally, Z., Pronizius, E., Voracek, M., Lamm, C., Grinberg, M., Li, R., Valentova, J.V., Mioni, G., Cellini, N., Chen, S.C., Zickfeld, J., Moon, K., Azab, H., Levy, N., Karababa, A., Beaudry, J.L., Boucher, L., Collins, W.M., Todsen, A.L., van Schie, K., Vintr, J., 2021. A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Human Behaviour, 5 (8), 1089-1110.
  • Antar, J.C., Stephen, I.D., 2021. Facial shape provides a valid cue to sociosexuality in men but not women. Evolution and Human Behavior, 42 (4), 361-370.
  • Hsieh, J.Y.J., Gwinn, O.S., Brooks, K.R., Stephen, I.D., Carragher, D.J., Nicholls, M.E.R., 2021. The “cheerleader effect” in facial and bodily attractiveness: A result of memory bias and not perceptual encoding. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74 (5).
  • Jones, B.C., DeBruine, L.M., Flake, J.K., Liuzza, M.T., Antfolk, J., Arinze, N.C., Ndukaihe, I.L.G., Bloxsom, N.G., Lewis, S.C., Foroni, F., Willis, M.L., Cubillas, C.P., Vadillo, M.A., Turiegano, E., Gilead, M., Simchon, A., Saribay, S.A., Owsley, N.C., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Calvillo, D.P., Wlodarczyk, A., Qi, Y., Ariyabuddhiphongs, K., Jarukasemthawee, S., Manley, H., Suavansri, P., Taephant, N., Stolier, R.M., Evans, T.R., Bonick, J., Lindemans, J.W., Ashworth, L.F., Hahn, A.C., Chevallier, C., Kapucu, A., Karaaslan, A., Leongómez, J.D., Sánchez, O.R., Valderrama, E., Vásquez-Amézquita, M., Hajdu, N., Aczel, B., Szecsi, P., Andreychik, M., Musser, E.D., Batres, C., Hu, C.P., Liu, Q.L., Legate, N., Vaughn, L.A., Barzykowski, K., Golik, K., Schmid, I., Stieger, S., Artner, R., Mues, C., Vanpaemel, W., Jiang, Z., Wu, Q., Marcu, G.M., Stephen, I.D., Lu, J.G., Philipp, M.C., Arnal, J.D., Hehman, E., Xie, S.Y., Chopik, W.J., Seehuus, M., Azouaghe, S., Belhaj, A., Elouafa, J., Wilson, J.P., Kruse, E., Papadatou-Pastou, M., De La Rosa-Gómez, A., Barba-Sánchez, A.E., González-Santoyo, I., Hsu, T., Kung, C.C., Wang, H.H., Freeman, J.B., Oh, D.W., Schei, V., Sverdrup, T.E., Levitan, C.A., Cook, C.L., Chandel, P., Kujur, P., Parganiha, A., Parveen, N., Pati, A.K., Pradhan, S., Singh, M.M., Pande, B., Bavolar, J., Kačmár, P., Zakharov, I., Álvarez-Solas, S., Baskin, E., 2021. To which world regions does the valence–dominance model of social perception apply? Nature Human Behaviour, 5 (1), 159-169.
  • Brooks, K.R., Keen, E., Sturman, D., Mond, J., Stevenson, R.J., Stephen, I.D., 2020. Muscle and fat aftereffects and the role of gender: Implications for body image disturbance. British Journal of Psychology, 111 (4).
  • Sulikowski, D., Tan, K.W., Jones, A.L., Welling, L.L.M., Stephen, I.D., 2020. Editorial: Perceptions of People: Cues to Underlying Physiology and Psychology. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.
  • Wong, H.K., Stephen, I.D., Keeble, D.R.T., 2020. The Own-Race Bias for Face Recognition in a Multiracial Society. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.
  • Brooks, K.R., Mond, J., Mitchison, D., Stevenson, R.J., Challinor, K.L., Stephen, I.D., 2020. Looking at the Figures: Visual Adaptation as a Mechanism for Body-Size and -Shape Misperception. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15 (1).
  • Gould-Fensom, L., Tan, C.B.Y., Brooks, K.R., Mond, J., Stevenson, R.J., Stephen, I.D., 2019. The Thin White Line: Adaptation Suggests a Common Neural Mechanism for Judgments of Asian and Caucasian Body Size. Frontiers in Psychology, 10.
  • Brooks, K.R., Baldry, E., Mond, J., Stevenson, R.J., Mitchison, D., Stephen, I.D., 2019. Gender and the Body Size Aftereffect: Implications for Neural Processing. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13.
  • Mahmut, M.K., Stevenson, R.J., Stephen, I., 2019. Do women love their partner's smell? Exploring women's preferences for and identification of male partner and non-partner body odor. Physiology and Behavior, 210.
  • Stephen, I.D., Hunter, K., Sturman, D., Mond, J., Stevenson, R.J., Brooks, K.R., 2019. Experimental manipulation of visual attention affects body size adaptation but not body dissatisfaction. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 52 (1).
  • Wong, H.K., Stephen, I.D., 2019. Eye tracker as an implied social presence: Awareness of being eye-tracked induces social-norm-based looking behaviour. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 12 (2).
  • Tan, K.W., Stephen, I.D., 2019. Skin color preferences in a Malaysian Chinese population. Frontiers in Psychology, 10 (JUN).
  • Stephen, I.D., Salter, D.L.H., Tan, K.W., Tan, C.B.Y., Stevenson, R.J., 2018. Sexual dimorphism and attractiveness in Asian and White faces. Visual Cognition, 26 (6).
  • Brooks, K.R., Clifford, C.W.G., Stevenson, R.J., Mond, J., Stephen, I.D., 2018. The high-level basis of body adaptation. Royal Society Open Science, 5 (6).
  • Tan, K.W., Tiddeman, B., Stephen, I.D., 2018. Skin texture and colour predict perceived health in Asian faces. Evolution and Human Behavior, 39 (3).
  • Stephen, I.D., Sturman, D., Stevenson, R.J., Mond, J., Brooks, K.R., 2018. Visual attention mediates the relationship between body satisfaction and susceptibility to the body size adaptation effect. Plos One, 13 (1).
  • Longman, D.P., Prall, S.P., Shattuck, E.C., Stephen, I.D., Stock, J.T., Wells, J.C.K., Muehlenbein, M.P., 2018. Short-term resource allocation during extensive athletic competition. American Journal of Human Biology, 30 (1).
  • Challinor, K.L., Mond, J., Stephen, I.D., Mitchison, D., Stevenson, R.J., Hay, P., Brooks, K.R., 2017. Body size and shape misperception and visual adaptation: An overview of an emerging research paradigm. Journal of International Medical Research, 45 (6).
  • Stephen, I.D., Hiew, V., Coetzee, V., Tiddeman, B.P., Perrett, D.I., 2017. Facial shape analysis identifies valid cues to aspects of physiological health in Caucasian, Asian, and African populations. Frontiers in Psychology, 8 (OCT).
  • Tan, K.W., Graf, B.A., Mitra, S.R., Stephen, I.D., 2017. Impact of fresh fruit smoothie consumption on apparent health of Asian faces. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38 (4).
  • Teoh, Y., Wallis, E., Stephen, I.D., Mitchell, P., 2017. Seeing the world through others’ minds: Inferring social context from behaviour. Cognition, 159.
  • Sturman, D., Stephen, I.D., Mond, J., Stevenson, R.J., Brooks, K.R., 2017. Independent Aftereffects of Fat and Muscle: Implications for neural encoding, body space representation, and body image disturbance. Scientific Reports, 7.
  • Burke, D., Sulikowski, D., Stephen, I., Brooks, R., 2017. Inconsistent with the data: Support for the CLASH model depends on the wrong kind of latitude. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40.
  • Stephen, I.D., Burke, D., Sulikowski, D., 2017. Tinbergen's "four questions" provides a formal framework for a more complete understanding of prosocial biases in favour of attractive people. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40.
  • Zuniga, A., Stevenson, R.J., Mahmut, M.K., Stephen, I.D., 2017. Diet quality and the attractiveness of male body odor. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38 (1).
  • Brierley, M.E., Brooks, K.R., Mond, J., Stevenson, R.J., Stephen, I.D., 2016. The body and the beautiful: Health, attractiveness and body composition in men's and women's bodies. Plos One, 11 (6).
  • Tan, C.B.Y., Sheppard, E., Stephen, I.D., 2016. Recognizing Dynamic Faces in Malaysian Chinese Participants. Perception, 45 (3).
  • Stephen, I.D., Bickersteth, C., Mond, J., Stevenson, R.J., Brooks, K.R., 2016. No effect of featural attention on body size aftereffects. Frontiers in Psychology, 7.
  • Brooks, K.R., Mond, J.M., Stevenson, R.J., Stephen, I.D., 2016. Body image distortion and exposure to extreme body types: Contingent adaptation and cross adaptation for self and other. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10 (JUL).
  • Tan, C.B.Y., Sheppard, E., Stephen, I.D., 2015. A change in strategy: Static emotion recognition in Malaysian Chinese. Cogent Psychology, 2 (1).
  • 38th European Conference on Visual Perception (ECVP) 2015 Liverpool. Perception, 44 Suppl 1.
  • Tan, K.W., Graf, B.A., Mitra, S.R., Stephen, I.D., 2015. Daily consumption of a fruit and vegetable smoothie alters facial skin color. Plos One, 10 (7).
  • Van den Abbeele, J., Penton-Voak, I.S., Attwood, A.S., Stephen, I.D., Munafò, M.R., 2014. Increased facial attractiveness following moderate, but not high, alcohol consumption. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 50 (3).
  • Coetzee, V., Greeff, J.M., Stephen, I.D., Perrett, D.I., 2014. Cross-cultural agreement in facial attractiveness preferences: The role of ethnicity and gender. Plos One, 9 (7).
  • Stephen, I.D., Perera, A.T.M., 2014. Judging the difference between attractiveness and health: Does exposure to model images influence the judgments made by men and women? Plos One, 9 (1).
  • Stephen, I.D., 2014. Putting the theory before the data: Is "massive modularity" a necessary foundation of evolutionary psychology? Frontiers in Psychology, 5 (OCT).
  • Stephen, I.D., Perera, A.T.M., 2014. Judging the differences between women's attractiveness and health: Is there really a difference between judgments made by men and women? Body Image, 11 (2).
  • Stephen, I.D., Mahmut, M.K., Case, T.I., Fitness, J., Stevenson, R.J., 2014. The uniquely predictive power of evolutionary approaches to mind and behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 5 (NOV).
  • Tan, K.W., Stephen, I.D., 2013. Colour detection thresholds in faces and colour patches. Perception, 42 (7).
  • Stephen, I.D.. Applied evolutionary psychology. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 104 (3).
  • Danel, D.P., Fedurek, P., Coetzee, V., Stephen, I.D., Nowak, N., Stirrat, M., Perrett, D.I., Saxton, T.K., 2012. A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Population-Specific Face Shape Preferences (Homo sapiens). Ethology, 118 (12).
  • Whitehead, R.D., Ozakinci, G., Stephen, I.D., Perrett, D.I., 2012. Whitehead et al. respond. American Journal of Public Health, 102 (10).
  • Park, J.H., van Leeuwen, F., Stephen, I.D., 2012. Homeliness is in the disgust sensitivity of the beholder: Relatively unattractive faces appear especially unattractive to individuals higher in pathogen disgust. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33 (5).
  • Stephen, I.D., Oldham, F.H., Perrett, D.I., Barton, R.A., 2012. Redness enhances perceived aggression, dominance and attractiveness in men's faces. Evolutionary Psychology, 10 (3).
  • Stephen, I.D., Scott, I.M.L., Coetzee, V., Pound, N., Perrett, D.I., Penton-Voak, I.S., 2012. Cross-cultural effects of color, but not morphological masculinity, on perceived attractiveness of men's faces. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33 (4).
  • Whitehead, R.D., Ozakinci, G., Stephen, I.D., Perrett, D.I., 2012. Appealing to vanity: Could potential appearance improvement motivate fruit and vegetable consumption? American Journal of Public Health, 102 (2).
  • Tan, C.B.Y., Stephen, I.D., Whitehead, R., Sheppard, E., 2012. You look familiar: How malaysian chinese recognize faces. Plos One, 7 (1).
  • Stephen, I.D.. New directions in colour studies. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 103.
  • Stephen, I.D., Coetzee, V., Perrett, D.I., 2011. Carotenoid and melanin pigment coloration affect perceived human health. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32 (3).
  • Scott, I.M.L., Pound, N., Stephen, I.D., Clark, A.P., Penton-Voak, I.S., 2010. Does masculinity matter? The contribution of masculine face shape to male attractiveness in humans. Plos One, 5 (10).
  • Stephen, I.D., McKeeganh, A.M., 2010. Lip colour affects perceived sex typicality and attractiveness of human faces. Perception, 39 (8).
  • Coetzee, V., Chen, J., Perrett, D.I., Stephen, I.D., 2010. Deciphering faces: Quantifiable visual cues to weight. Perception, 39 (1).
  • Stephen, I.D., Law Smith, M.J., Stirrat, M.R., Perrett, D.I., 2009. Facial skin coloration affects perceived health of human faces. International Journal of Primatology, 30 (6).
  • Stephen, I.D., Coetzee, V., Smith, M.L., Perrett, D.I., 2009. Skin blood perfusion and oxygenation colour affect perceived human health. Plos One, 4 (4).
  • Coetzee, V., Perrett, D.I., Stephen, I.D., 2009. Facial adiposity: A cue to health? Perception, 38 (11).

Chapters

  • Stephen, I.D., Luoto, S., 2023. Physical Cues of Partner Quality. Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology and Romantic Relationships. 42-73.
  • Stephen, I.D., Burke, D., Sulikowski, D., 2021. Carruthers on Massive Modularity. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science.
  • Stephen, I., Sulikowski, D., 2019. Tinbergen's Four Questions. In: Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V., eds. Encyclopaedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer.
  • Stephen, I., Stevenson, R., 2019. Pathogen Load and Attractiveness. In: Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V., eds. Encyclopaedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer.
  • Stephen, I.D., Wei, T.K., 2015. Healthy body, healthy face? Evolutionary approaches to attractiveness perception. Culture and Cognition A Collection of Critical Essays. 45-65.

Conferences

  • Wong, H.K., Keeble, D.R.T., Stephen, I.D., 2023. Do they ‘look’ different(ly)? Dynamic face recognition in Malaysians: Chinese, Malays and Indians compared. British Journal of Psychology, 114 (S1), 134-149.
  • Wong, H.K., Stephen, I., Keeble, D.. The Importance of the First Fixation for Recognising Own- and Other-Race Faces: An Eye-Tracking Study. I-PERCEPTION, 8.
  • Brooks, K.R., Sturman, D., Mond, J., Stevenson, R., Stephen, I.. The Neural Encoding of Bodies along the Dimensions of Fat and Muscle. PERCEPTION, 45.
  • Brooks, K., Stephen, I., Murley, A., Mond, J., Stevenson, D.. Representation of Body Size for Self and Other: simple-, cross- and contingent adaptation. PERCEPTION, 44.
  • Keeble, D., Wong, H.K., Stephen, I.. The Own-Race Bias for Face Recognition in Malaysians and Whites. PERCEPTION, 44.
  • Perrett, D., Re, D., Whitehead, R., Stephen, I., Coetzee, V., Lefevre, C., Moore, F., Xiao, D., Ozakinci, G.. Face colour, health, lifestyle and attractiveness. PERCEPTION, 40.

Preprints

  • Brooks, K., Stephen, I., Mobbs, L.. Experimental Manipulation of Visual Attention Affects Muscularity Perception.
  • Brooks, K., Stephen, I., Ip, K., Kusyk, N.. Did You Skip Leg Day? The Neural Mechanisms of Muscle Perception for Body Parts.
  • Brooks, K., Stephen, I., marie.angela.echevarria@gmail.com. Looking Round: The viewpoint dependence of body size aftereffects.
  • House, T., Stephen, I., Brooks, K., Bould, H., Attwood, A.S., Penton-Voak, I.. The Effect of an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task on Attentional Bias, Body Size Adaptation, and Body Dissatisfaction.
  • House, T., Wong, H.K., Stephen, I., Brooks, K., Bould, H., Attwood, A.S., Penton-Voak, I.. The Relationship Between Body Dissatisfaction and Engagement and Disengagement Bias to Body Size in Malaysian Women.
  • House, T., Graham, K., Ellis, B., Bould, H., Attwood, A.S., Stephen, I., Brooks, K., Penton-Voak, I.. Is Body Dissatisfaction Related to an Attentional Bias Towards Low Weight Bodies in Non-clinical Samples of Women? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
  • House, T., Keat, W.H., Samuel, N.W.-Y., Stephen, I., Brooks, K., Bould, H., Attwood, A.S., Penton-Voak, I.. The relationship between body dissatisfaction and attentional bias to thin bodies in Malaysian Chinese and White Australian women: A dot probe study.
  • House, T., Stephen, I., Penton-Voak, I., Brooks, K.. The Effect of Attention on Body Size Adaptation and Body Dissatisfaction.
  • Stephen, I., Luoto, S.. Physical cues of partner quality.
  • Zopf, R., Kosourikhina, V., Brooks, K., Polito, V., Stephen, I.. Visual body size adaptation and estimation of tactile distance.
  • Gould-Fensom, L., Tan, C., Brooks, K., Mond, J., Stevenson, R.J., Stephen, I.. The Thin White Line: Adaptation suggests a common neural mechanism for judgements of Asian and Caucasian body size.
  • Brooks, K., Keen, E., Sturman, D., Mond, J., Stevenson, R.J., Stephen, I.. Muscle And Fat Aftereffects And The Role Of Gender: Implications For Body Image Disturbance.
  • Brooks, K., Baldry, E., Mond, J., Stevenson, R.J., Mitchison, D., Stephen, I.D.. Gender and the Body Size and Shape Aftereffect: Implications for neural processing.

Grants

  • The mechanisms underlying body size and shape misperception in young women (Leverhulme Trust, 01 Sep 2025). In Progress
  • The mechanisms underlying body size and shape misperception in young women (Leverhulme Trust, 01 Sep 2025). In Progress
The data on this page was last updated at 05:00 on February 18, 2026.